#质感创作主谈主#
乔治·华盛顿是1775年至1783年好意思国寂寞干戈时大陆军的总司令，1789年景为好意思国第一任总统(其同期也成为全宇宙第一位以“总统”为称呼的国度元首),在接连两次选举中齐获取了合座选举团无异议扶助，一直担任总统直到1797年。在两届任期适度后，他自觉废弃权柄不再续任，藏隐于弗农山庄园。创举了好意思国总统任职不得开赴点两届的前例。华盛顿被敬称为好意思国国父，学者们则将他和亚伯拉罕·林肯比肩称为好意思国历史上最伟大的总统。
The Lifetime 东谈主物生平
Washington was born into the provincial gentry of Colonial Virginia;hiswealthy planter family owned tobacco plantations and slaves.After both his fatherand older brother died when he was young,Washington became personally andprofessionally attached to the powerful William Fairfax,who promoted his careeras a surveyor and soldier.Washington quickly became a senior officer in thecolonial forces during the first stages of the French and Indian War.
华盛顿出身在从属国弗吉尼亚的一个场地贵族家庭；他的栽培园主家眷领有香烟栽培园和奴隶。他很小时，他的父亲和哥哥就升天了，之后华盛顿在个东谈主和专科方面愈加依附于重大的威廉·费尔法克斯，即是这个东谈主促成他把测量员和士兵动作我方的处事。在第一阶段的法国和印度的干戈时刻，华盛顿在殖民武装部队中飞速成长为又名高档军官。
George received his first military appointment as a major in the militia duringthe French and Indian War(1754).In 1758 Washington was elected to the House ofBurgesses and expressed his opposition to Britain's unfair taxes and land laws.Hewas active in resisting British rule.When the Revolutionary War began (1775)theContinental Congress asked George Washington to be the commander in chief ofthe Continental army.
在1754年法印干戈时代，乔治被任命为民兵军官，这是他的第一个军事任命。1758年，华盛顿当选为议员，并抒发了反对英国的苛捐冗赋和地盘法的态度。他积极进入反对英国的管辖。当1775年，好意思国创新干戈爆发，大陆议会推荐乔治·华盛顿为大陆军团总司令。
Washington managed to force the British out of Boston in 1776,but wasdefeated and almost captured later that year when he lost New York City.Witha force of about 10,000 men,he faced a difficult winter (1777-1778)at ValleyForge,Pennsylvania.They had little food and were poorly clothed.Those whosurvived until spring were pleased to learn that France had recognized America'sindependence.With aid from France,the troops were able to trap the main Britishforce at Yorktown(1781)
1776年华盛顿设法迫使英军退出波士顿，但是第二年他被打败，失去了纽约市并差点被俘。他领有一支差未几一万东谈主的部队，却在宾夕法尼亚福吉谷遭逢了一个沉重的冬季(1777-1778年)。他们缺衣少食。这些糊口下来的东谈主们在春季听到法国认同好意思国寂寞的音尘后齐倍感欢快。在法国的匡助下，这支部队1781年在约克城打败了英军的主力部队。
After crossing theDelaware River in the dead of winter,he defeated the Britishin two battles,retook New Jersey and restored momentum to the Patriot cause.Because of his strategy,Revolutionary forces captured two major British armiesat Saratoga in 1777 and Yorktown in 1781.Historians laud Washington for hisselection and supervision of his generals,encouragement of morale and abilityto hold together the army,coordination with the state governors and state militiaunits,relations with Congress and attention to supplies,logistics,and training.Inbattle,however,Washington was repeatedlyoutmaneuvered by British generalswith larger armies.After victory had been finalized in 1783,Washington resignedas Commander-in-chief rather than seize power,proving his opposition todictatorship and his commitment to American republicanism.
在穿过德拉瓦河的酷寒之后，他在两次与英军的宣战中取胜，夺回新泽西并在爱国者战役中保抓了这种强盛的势头。由于他的计策，创生力军在1777年的萨拉托加和1781年约克城两次打败英军主力部队。历史学家高度赞叹了他的选拔和他的军事措置，饱读励士气和和洽部队的智商，与州理事和州自保队的和洽智商，与国会的关联以及对供给、后勤和检修的柔和。可是，在宣战中华盛顿一再被英军更重大的部队打败。在1783年取得最终成效之后，华盛顿莫得夺取政权而是辞去了总司令的职务，以此诠释他对独裁管辖的反对和好意思国共和政体的同意。
Dissatisfied with the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation,in 1787Washington presided over the Constitutional Convention that drafted theUnited States Constitution.Washington was elected President as the unanimouschoice of the 69 electors in 1788,and he served two terms in office.He oversawthe creation of a strong,well-financed national government that maintainedneutrality in the wars raging in Europe,suppressed rebellion,and wonacceptance among Americans of all types.
由于起火十三州邦联宪法的污点，1787年华盛顿主抓了制宪会议草拟了好意思利坚合众国宪法。1788年，华盛顿以全票69票一致通过当选为总统，况兼他在总统办公室连任两期。他监管这个重大、富裕的国民政府在欧洲混战中保抓中立的派头，安稳叛乱，并赢得好意思国各界的认同。
He attempted to bring rival factions together to unify the nation.Hesupported Alexander Hamilton's programs to pay off all state and national debt,to implement an effective tax system and to create a national bank(despiteopposition from Thomas Jefferson).Washington proclaimed the United Statesneutral in the wars raging in Europe after 1793.He avoided war with Great Britainand guaranteed a decade of peace and profitable trade by securing the JayTreaty in 1795,despite intense opposition from the Jeffersonians.Although neverofficially joining the Federalist Party,he supported its programs.Washington's"Farewell Address"was an influential primer on republican virtue and a warningagainst partisanship,sectionalism,and involvement in foreign wars.He retiredfrom the presidency in 1797 and returned to his home,Mount Vernon,and hisdomestic life where he managed a variety of enterprises.He freed all his slaves byhis final will.
他试图和洽竞争敌手们长入通盘国度。他力挺亚历山大·汉密尔顿对于付清州和国度沿途债务的谋划，并执行了有用的财务系统，创举了国度银行(尽管遭到托马斯·杰斐逊的反对)。1793年后，华盛顿晓谕好意思国在欧洲苛虐的干戈中保抓中立。他遵命1795年的杰伊协议，幸免与英邦交战并保证十年的和慈祥有益可图的买卖，尽管这遭到杰斐逊的激烈反对。尽管从来莫得老成加入联邦党，但是他扶助联邦党的谋划。华盛顿的“告别演讲”是共和目的品德中最有影响力的初稿，并告诫党派目的、场地目的和参与外战的行径。1797年他从总统的职位上藏隐下来，复返桑梓弗农山庄园启动他的家庭生活，在那他探讨了多样企业。他最终的遗志即是解放他通盘的奴隶。
Washington had a vision of a great and powerful nation that would be built onrepublican lines using federal power.He sought to use the national governmentto preserve liberty,improve infrastructure,open the western lands,promotecommerce,found a permanent capital,reduce regional tensions and promote aspirit of American nationalism.After his death,Washington was hailed as "first inwar,first in peace,and first in the heartsof his countrymen".The Federalists madehim the symbol of their party but for many years,the Jeffersonians continuedto distrust his influence and delayed building the Washington Monument.Asthe leader of the first successful revolution against a colonial empire in worldhistory,Washington became an international icon for liberation and nationalism,especially in France and Latin America.He is consistently ranked among the topthree presidents of the United States,according to polls of both scholars and thegeneral public.
华盛顿合计诈欺联邦力量不错在共和目的阶梯的基础上成立一个重大的国度。他试图诈欺国度政府保护目田权，改善基础法子，开发西部地盘，促进买卖，成立遥远成本，减少地域急切并促进好意思国民族目的的精神。他升天之后，华盛顿被誉为“干戈中的第一东谈主，和平中的
第一东谈主，他的同族心目中的第一东谈主”。联邦党东谈主把他动作联邦党的标记，但是许多年后，杰弗逊的跟班者一经不认同他的影响并推迟成立华盛顿缅思碑。动作宇宙历史中第一场反殖民帝国干戈成效的教唆者，华盛顿成为解放和民族目的的海外偶像，尤其是在法国和拉丁好意思洲。字据学者和公众的民心拜谒，他是一直排在前三位的好意思国总统。